The Second council was held 100 years after the demise of the Buddha at Vālukārāma in Magadha. It was under the patronage of king Kālasoka who regained from 393-365 B.C. This council was held by 700 monks who were well versed in Sutra and Vinaya for 7 months to be completed. After the first Buddhist council, during 100 years, there was no trouble in the order of monks but because Buddhist monks lost the royal support, Buddhism fall off in India. Therefore Brahmanism was gaining power and becoming popular in the society. The assassination of Ajātasattu by his son Udayabhadra also made the country become disorder. So a lot of Buddhist monks and the senior Ven Sabbakāmi left Magadha for remote areas.
The society was changing rapidly during this period. So it became necessary for Buddhist monks to change their way of life according to the changes of the society. There was a clash between the young monks those who wanted to amend the minor rules promulgated by the Buddha and the older monks those who denied to change them. There were of opinion that the Buddhist Vinaya is the life of the order. (Vinayo nama Sasanassa Ayu)
The main reason for holding this council was the 10 disciplinary points {Dasa vatthu) that were introduced by Vijjiputtaka monks. These are:
1. Singilona Kappa—custom of putting sold in a horn in order to season Vegetable [is permitted]
2. Dvagula Kappa—the custom of teaching midday meal even after the procreated time
3. Gamantara Kappa—the custom of going into the village after the meal and eating again when invited {is permitted}
4. Avasa Kappa—the custom of holding the uposatha feast separately by Bhikkhus dwelling in the same distinct.
5. Anumati Kappa—it is permitted to make decisions in absence of the monks those who do not attend to uposatha. But their consent should be taken later.
6. Acinnati Kappa—the custom of doing things as it is the practice of the preceptor.
7. Amatita Kappa—it is permitted to consume unturned milk even after the meal time.
8. Jalogi Kappa—it is permitted to drink unfermented palm wine{toddy}
9. Adasa Kappa—it is prescribed size and if they were without fringe.
10. Jatarupa Kappa—it is permitted to accept gold and silver.
The society was changing rapidly during this period. So it became necessary for Buddhist monks to change their way of life according to the changes of the society. There was a clash between the young monks those who wanted to amend the minor rules promulgated by the Buddha and the older monks those who denied to change them. There were of opinion that the Buddhist Vinaya is the life of the order. (Vinayo nama Sasanassa Ayu)
The main reason for holding this council was the 10 disciplinary points {Dasa vatthu) that were introduced by Vijjiputtaka monks. These are:
1. Singilona Kappa—custom of putting sold in a horn in order to season Vegetable [is permitted]
2. Dvagula Kappa—the custom of teaching midday meal even after the procreated time
3. Gamantara Kappa—the custom of going into the village after the meal and eating again when invited {is permitted}
4. Avasa Kappa—the custom of holding the uposatha feast separately by Bhikkhus dwelling in the same distinct.
5. Anumati Kappa—it is permitted to make decisions in absence of the monks those who do not attend to uposatha. But their consent should be taken later.
6. Acinnati Kappa—the custom of doing things as it is the practice of the preceptor.
7. Amatita Kappa—it is permitted to consume unturned milk even after the meal time.
8. Jalogi Kappa—it is permitted to drink unfermented palm wine{toddy}
9. Adasa Kappa—it is prescribed size and if they were without fringe.
10. Jatarupa Kappa—it is permitted to accept gold and silver.
In order to reject 10 unlawful points, this council was held by Ven. SabbakAmi became the president and Yasathera took a chief position. The Theras Revata, Satha, Khaujjasobhita also participated the meeting. After sometimes The Vijjiputtaka monks also were held another assembly known as Mahasanghiti. As a result of that the order of monks were divided into two groups. These are Theravada and Mahasanghika.
So the gaining of Royalty by Brahmanism have led to the near extinction of Buddhism in India. It is also said that event occured in Nalanda also led to the near extinction of Buddhism in India.